About
Turner Caldwell co-founded Mariana Minerals in 2024 to build a software-first, vertically integrated American minerals company spanning lithium, copper, nickel, and rare earths. Before Mariana he ran Tesla's metals and minerals team, where he deployed billions of dollars across the company's lithium and battery facilities and saw firsthand how dependent the U.S. industrial base remained on Chinese refining. Mariana now operates Lithium One in Texas with Select Water Solutions and has restarted a Utah copper mine as the world's only autonomous-first mine and refinery. The company has raised $120M+ from Andreessen Horowitz, Breakthrough Energy Ventures, and Khosla, and represents the most ambitious attempt yet to vertically reshore critical minerals.
Previous roles
- Head of Metals and Minerals, Tesla
Notable work
- Mariana Minerals
- Critical Minerals
- Mining
- Industrial Reshoring
Mentioned in
No tagged mentions for Turner Caldwell yet.